The Exposure Effect of Water Pipe Smoke (WPS) on the Total Count leukocyte, Mitotic Index, Micronucleus Formation and Chromosome Aberration in Albino Male Mice

Abstract

The present study was carried out to evaluate the hematological and cytogenetic effects of water
pipe smoke (WPS) in albino male mice. The investigated parameters were total count of
leukocytes (TCL), mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) formation and chromosomal
aberrations. The results of our study showed that, mice were exposed to WPS using a special
inhalation glass chamber (whole body exposure). Mice exposed daily to 100 puffs of WPS on the
bases of (1h exposure per day). The exposure experiment continued daily for the periods of 3, 5, 7
weeks consequently. The results revealed that the TCL significantly decreased in the second and
third treatment (5930, 4120 cell/ cu. mm. blood) respectively, in comparison to control (6200 cell/
cu. mm. blood), while the MI decreased in all 3 treatment after 3, 5, 7 weeks. Nevertheless, both
the MN cells and chromosomal aberration remain the same percentage as the control in the first
treatment and then began to be higher than the control in the second and third treatment. The
results indicated that the WPS has cytotoxic and mutagenic effects, according to the obtained
results of MN cells and chromosomal aberration assays in the three types of treatment.