The Effect of the Combination of Vitamin K2 and Genistein, Coumestrol and Daidzein on the Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Matrix Formation

Abstract

Multiple studies have been reported the stimulatory effect of the combinations of nutrients factors on bone formation. One such factor is vitamin K₂ which can be associated with bone protective activities. The effect of vitamin K₂ alone and in combination with genistein, coumestrol and daidzein on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization were tested. Significantly, vitamin K₂ increased bone mineralization in combination with genistein (10^-5M), coumestrol (10^-7M) and daidzein (10^-5M). However, there is no additive effect of this vitamin on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in osteoblasts. By contrast, vitamin K₂ enhanced the stimulatory effect of type I collagen and osteocalcin expression. Vitamin K₂ alone increased RUNX and OSX expression while there is no synergistic effect with tested compound; this vitamin also did not modulate nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/ osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio expression. These results suggested that vitamin K₂ can be more effective factor in the presence of phytoestrogens on the improvement of bone formation after menopause.